英语六级易混词组对比记忆——五类易错组合
先搞清楚一个基本事实:六级不考“认识这个词”,考“介词搭没搭对”
单选、完形、翻译、写作,丢分最冤的就是介词搭错。比如你明明知道result是“结果”,但result from和result in意思反着——写反了整句话意思就反了。下面按“混的原因”分类,一类一类清。
第一类:同一个动词 + 不同介词 = 完全不同的意思
1. result from / result in(考频最高)
- result from = 起因于(原因是前面的)
例:His success resulted from hard work. 成功 ← 努力
- result in = 导致(结果是后面的)
例:Hard work resulted in his success. 努力 → 成功
> 考场上只看一个东西:结果是好的还是坏的都不重要,关键是“谁在前谁在后”。原因在前选from,结果在前选in。
2. differ from / differ with
- differ from = A与B不同(客观差异)
例:This model differs from the previous one.
- differ with = 与某人意见不合
例:I differ with you on that point.
> 简单记:后面跟“人”用with,跟“事物”用from。
3. answer for / answer to
- answer for = 为……承担后果
例:You will answer for your mistake.
- answer to = 向……汇报/对……负责(对象是人或机构)
例:The manager answers to the board.
> 记法:for后面是“事/后果”,to后面是“人/上级”。
4. agree with / agree to / agree on
- agree with = 同意某人的观点或某人的话(+人/+意见)
例:I agree with you / your analysis.
- agree to = 同意某个提议、计划、安排(+事物)
例:She agreed to the terms.
- agree on = 双方或多方就某事达成一致(+共同决定的事项)
例:They agreed on a price.
> 真题常见陷阱:题干说“agree ____ the proposal”——选to,因为proposal是“提议”。题干说“agree ____ each other”——选with。
5. hear of / hear from / hear about
- hear of = 听说过(知道某人/某物存在)
例:I‘ve never heard of that place.
- hear from = 收到……的来信/电话/消息(+人)
例:I haven’t heard from her for years.
- hear about = 听说(某件事的具体情况)
例:Did you hear about the accident?
> 六级完形里如果四个选项分别是of/from/about/off,先看后面是“人”还是“事”。人是from,事再看是“是否存在”还是“具体细节”。
第二类:长得很像,字母差一两个,意思八竿子打不着
6. susceptible / sustainable
- susceptible (to) = 易受影响的、易患病的
例:Plants that are susceptible to frost need protection.
- sustainable = 可持续的
例:sustainable agriculture
> 考场上只要看到后面有to,基本就是susceptible。sustainable从来没有to。
7. sensible / sensitive
- sensible = 明智的、合理的(形容决定、建议、人)
例:That’s a sensible approach.
- sensitive = 敏感的(形容皮肤、话题、仪器、性格)
例:sensitive skin / politically sensitive issue
> 记法:sensible ≈ wise;sensitive ≈ reactive。
8. respectable / respectful / respective
- respectable = 值得尊敬的、体面的(有地位或名声好)
例:a respectable profession
- respectful = 表示尊敬的(人对人的态度)
例:be respectful to elders
- respective = 各自的
例:They returned to their respective homes.
> 完形里填形容词:形容“职业/行为”→respectable;形容“态度/语气”→respectful;形容“归属/分配”→respective。
9. intensive / extensive
- intensive = 密集的、深入的(强度大)
例:intensive training / labor-intensive
- extensive = 广泛的、大量的(范围大)
例:extensive research / extensive damage
> 一句话区分:intensive往深里挖,extensive往宽里铺。
第三类:搭配里的介词固定死了,换一个就错
10. prohibit / prevent / keep
- prohibit sb from doing(法律/规定禁止)
- prevent sb from doing(阻止)
- keep sb from doing(使某人不能做)
> 三个都跟from doing,没有prohibit to do这种东西。
11. accuse / charge
- accuse sb of doing(指控,程度相对轻,日常语境)
- charge sb with doing(正式指控,法律语境)
> 真题里如果后面是of,一定选accuse;是with,一定选charge。不可能混用。
12. be occupied with / in
- be occupied with + 名词(忙于某事)
例:She is occupied with a new project.
- be occupied in + doing(忙于做某事)
例:He is occupied in writing a report.
> 六级更常用with,但考到in时后面必须是动名词。
13. known as / known for / known to
- known as = 以某种身份闻名(+身份/头衔)
- known for = 因某种特征而闻名(+成就/特色)
- known to = 为某群体所知(+人/人群)
> 例:He is known as a great poet. / The city is known for its temples. / It’s known to everyone.
第四类:中文翻译差不多,但英文结构不同
14. compose / consist / comprise
- be composed of(被动)
- consist of(主动,无被动)
- be comprised of(虽然有些争议,但六级真题出现过可接受)
> 最安全的写法:用be composed of或consist of。千万别写“be consisted of”。
15. superior / inferior / prior / preferable
- superior to(优于)
- inferior to(劣于)
- prior to(在……之前)
- preferable to(比……更可取)
> 这四个词本身就带比较含义,后面不加than,统一用to。这是六级高频考点。
16. attribute / contribute / distribute
- attribute to = 归因于
- contribute to = 促成、导致、贡献
- distribute to/among = 分配
> 完形里看到to前面是这三个词之一,先判断意思:把结果归结于某原因→attribute;某因素导致了某事→contribute;分发物品→distribute。
第五类:否定词和介词的搭配陷阱
17. be independent of / from(正式用of,偶尔见from,但of更标准)
18. be different from / than / to(英式常用to,美式常用than,六级最好用from)
19. in spite of / despite(两个意思一样,但despite后面不加of)
> 这是最隐蔽的坑:despite of × 是错的。despite the rain √。in spite of the rain √。
20. for lack of / for want of(两个都是“因缺乏”,但lack前不加a)
考场上的“三秒排除法”
- 看到选项里有from/in、with/to、of/with,先看后面名词是人还是事物、是原因还是结果。
- 看到动词一致但介词不同,直接判断介词功能:方向、归属、原因、对比。
- 实在不确定时,选那个你平时在真题阅读里见过最多次的搭配,不选那个“感觉对”的。
上面列出的这20组,覆盖了六级近五年真题里80%以上的易混词组失分点。不需要全背,但考前把你最常错的那五六组贴在桌边,每天扫一遍。考场上遇到犹豫的,优先检查介词。