六级图表作文（通常出现在写作部分）要求考生根据给定的柱状图、折线图、饼图或表格，描述数据并发表评论。很多同学的写法是：把图上的所有数字挨个报一遍，最后加一句“from the above, we can see...”。这种写法只能拿到及格分。

图表作文的核心不是“复述图表”，而是解读图表背后的原因、趋势和含义。下面把写作流程拆成三段：开头描述趋势、中间分析原因、结尾预测或建议。

一、审图：10秒钟找出“一个核心趋势”

拿到图表，不要看每个数字。先问自己两个问题：

• 这幅图想告诉我什么？——是上升、下降、波动、占比最大还是最小？
• 哪一组数据最突出？——比如“过去十年A增长了300%”或“B占了总体的60%”。

找到核心趋势后，其他数据只作为补充或对比出现。一篇150-180词的图表作文，只详细描述1-2个最关键的数据变化，其余的可以在分析原因时顺带提及。

示例：柱状图显示2010-2020年智能手机、平板电脑、PC的销量变化。核心趋势是“智能手机销量急剧上升，PC销量逐年下降”。不是把三年的数字都报一遍，而是用“智能手机销量从X增长到Y，同期PC销量下降了Z%”。

二、开头段：一句话概括趋势，一句话亮出观点

图表作文的开头不需要“引入背景”，直接说图。结构如下：

第一句：描述核心趋势（用介词短语或从句引出图表出处）

• According to the bar chart, the sales of smartphones increased dramatically from 2010 to 2020.
• As is shown in the pie chart, online shopping accounts for the largest proportion of consumer spending.

第二句：给出你的观点或引出下文分析方向

• This trend can be attributed to several factors.
• This phenomenon reflects a fundamental shift in consumer behavior.

避免：不要把“As is vividly depicted in the chart”这种模板原句照搬。换成更直接的表达。

三、中间段：用“原因分析法”展开，不堆数据

中间段的任务是解释“为什么会出现这个趋势”。每提出一个原因，就用图表中的数据作为佐证。

常用的原因分析句式：

• Several factors have contributed to this trend. First and foremost, ...
• The driving force behind this change is ...
• This is largely due to the fact that ...
• Another contributing factor is ...

写作思路：按照“原因1 + 数据支持 → 原因2 + 数据支持”的结构推进。每个原因写2-3句，不要超过4句。

示例（在线购物占比增长）：
> Several factors explain the rise of online shopping. First, the widespread use of smartphones has made it easier for consumers to make purchases anytime, anywhere. As the chart shows, the number of mobile payment users quadrupled between 2015 and 2020. Second, competitive pricing and convenient delivery services have attracted more customers. In contrast, traditional brick-and-mortar stores saw a 15% decline in foot traffic over the same period.

注意：第二点中顺带对比了传统商店，既用了数据，又增强了论证力度。

四、结尾段：预测趋势或提出建议，不简单重复

结尾不要写“In conclusion, the chart shows...”（那是开头已经做过的）。结尾应该往前推一步：如果这个趋势继续，会怎样？或者我们应该怎么应对？

两种结尾方式：

预测趋势：If this trend continues, it is likely that...

• If the growth of online shopping persists, physical stores may need to transform into experience centers rather than mere points of sale.

提出建议：Given this trend, it is advisable that...

• Given the increasing popularity of e-commerce, traditional retailers should integrate online channels to stay competitive.

只选一种，写1-2句话。不要写“We should take measures”这样空洞的呼吁，要具体。

五、三类常见图表的描述重点

| 图表类型 | 描述重点 | 常用动词 |
|---------|----------|----------|
| 折线图 | 变化趋势（上升、下降、波动、持平） | increase, rise, grow, climb, drop, decline, fall, fluctuate, stabilize |
| 柱状图 | 对比不同组的数据 | exceed, surpass, be higher/lower than, differ from |
| 饼图 | 占比和份额 | account for, represent, make up, take up, constitute |

数据变化的程度表达：

• 大幅：dramatically, significantly, sharply, rapidly
• 小幅：slightly, moderately, gradually
• 峰值：peak at, reach a high of
• 谷值：bottom out at, fall to a low of

不要过度使用“increase”，用rise, grow, climb, surge交替使用。

六、必须避开的四个坑

坑一：罗列所有数字
图表上有10个数据，你只需要描述最突出的2-3个。其他数字可以作为比较对象（“which is three times that of B”），但不逐个罗列。

坑二：描述与评论脱节
中间段分析原因时，一定要回扣图表数据。每提出一个原因，紧接着说“This is evidenced by the fact that...（引用图表中的具体数字）”。

坑三：用“I think”“in my opinion”开头
图表作文是客观分析，不是个人感受。用“The data suggest”“It can be inferred”代替。

坑四：结尾写“In a word, the chart shows...”
结尾不要再复述开头。要么预测未来，要么给建议，要么总结核心启示。例如：“What the chart reveals is the urgent need for...”比“In conclusion”有力得多。

七、一篇完整范文（按上述思路构建）

题目：The chart below shows the percentage of people using different modes of transportation in a city from 2000 to 2020. Write a short passage to describe the chart and give your comments.

范文：
> According to the line chart, the use of private cars increased significantly from 20% in 2000 to 55% in 2020, while the use of public buses dropped from 40% to 15% during the same period. Meanwhile, cycling and walking remained relatively stable at around 10% each.
>
> This shift can be attributed to two main factors. First, rising income levels have made private cars more affordable. In 2000, only one in five households owned a car; by 2020, the number had more than doubled. Second, the convenience and flexibility of cars outweigh the fixed routes of buses, especially for commuting. The sharp decline in bus usage reflects this preference.
>
> If this trend continues, traffic congestion and air pollution will likely worsen. Therefore, the city should invest in better public transport systems and encourage eco-friendly alternatives such as cycling and carpooling.

范文结构分析：

• 第一段：只描述了最显著的两个趋势（私家车上升、公交下降），其他数据一笔带过。
• 第二段：两个原因，每个原因后面都有数据支撑或因果推理。
• 第三段：预测后果+提出具体建议，不是空喊口号。

图表作文的高分关键在于“选重点、给解释、有观点”。写之前花1分钟在草稿纸上写下：核心趋势是什么？两个原因是什么？结尾往哪个方向推？写完检查：数据是否只挑重点、原因是否与数据挂钩、结尾是否有力。按这个框架练3篇真题，图表作文就不会再怕。