> 考研英语作文（大作文20分，小作文10分）中，开头和结尾是阅卷老师最先看到和最后看到的部分，直接决定第一印象和最终定档。一个漂亮的开头能快速抓住阅卷老师的注意力，一个有力的结尾能给整篇文章加分不少。然而，很多考生要么生搬硬套模板，要么写得过于平淡。本文从大作文开头、大作文结尾、小作文开头、小作文结尾、高分替换词库五个维度，系统梳理考研英语一作文的万能句型和活用技巧，助你在考场上快速写出既规范又有亮点的首尾段落。

一、大作文开头——三种类型，三种策略

大作文（图画作文）的开头通常需要描述图画内容并引出主题。根据图画特征和个人水平，可选用不同层次的句型。

（一）基础级——稳妥安全，不易出错

适合大多数考生，表达清晰，无明显语法风险。

1. 图画描述句型

| 句型 | 适用场景 |
|------|----------|
| As is vividly shown in the cartoon, ... is doing... | 描述画面中的动作 |
| In the picture, we can see that... | 简单直接 |
| The drawing portrays a striking scene where... | 带有一定文学性 |

2. 引出主题句型

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| The picture aims to reveal a common phenomenon: ... | The picture aims to reveal a common phenomenon: the widespread use of smartphones among young children. |
| Simple as the picture is, its symbolic meaning is profound. | 适用于寓意深刻的图画 |
| What the drawing conveys goes far beyond its surface meaning. | 同上 |

3. 完整开头示例

> As is vividly shown in the cartoon, a young man is sitting in front of a computer, surrounded by numerous social media notifications. The picture aims to reveal a common phenomenon: the growing addiction to social networks among young people. Simple as the picture is, its symbolic meaning is profound.

（二）进阶级——亮点突出，冲击高分

适合基础较好、追求高分的考生，句式丰富，表达新颖。

1. 倒装句开头

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| So striking is the picture that it immediately catches the viewer's eyes. In the drawing,... | 先评价图画，再描述 |
| Never before has the issue of [主题] been more vividly illustrated than in this picture. | 强调主题的重要性 |

2. 对比式开头

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| What is presented in the picture is thought-provoking: on the one hand,...; on the other hand,... | 描述图画中的对比或冲突 |
| The drawing sharply contrasts the attitude of the young and the old towards..., as shown by... | 用于两代人/两个群体对比的图画 |

3. 引用式开头

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| As a famous saying goes, "...”. The picture echoes this wisdom by showing that... | 用名言引出主题 |
| “...” This is the caption of the picture, which highlights the importance of... | 用图画中的文字说明引出 |

（三）高分替换词——让开头更出彩

| 常见表达 | 高分替换 |
|----------|----------|
| show | depict, portray, illustrate, present |
| see | observe, witness, notice |
| phenomenon | trend, issue, situation, scene |
| common | pervasive, widespread, prevailing |
| important | significant, crucial, vital, profound |

二、大作文结尾——总结观点，升华主题

结尾段通常需要总结全文观点、提出建议或展望未来。切忌只是重复前文，要有新意和升华。

（一）基础级——清晰总结，稳妥收尾

1. 总结观点句型

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| In conclusion, it is essential for us to... | In conclusion, it is essential for us to strike a balance between online and offline life. |
| To sum up, the key to solving this problem lies in... | To sum up, the key to solving this problem lies in joint efforts by individuals and society. |
| All in all, the picture conveys a clear message: ... | All in all, the picture conveys a clear message: excessive screen time is harmful to children's development. |

2. 提出建议句型

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to... | Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to reduce plastic waste. |
| Only by doing... can we expect to... | Only by raising public awareness can we expect to see real progress. |
| It is suggested that governments should... while individuals should... | 分类建议，更全面 |

3. 展望未来句型

| 句型 | 示例 |
|------|------|
| If we continue to ignore this issue, the consequences will be disastrous. | 反面警示 |
| With concerted efforts from all sides, we can look forward to a future where... | 正面展望 |

（二）进阶级——升华主题，余韵悠长

1. 递进式结尾

> The real significance of this picture, however, goes beyond the individual level. It calls on the entire society to rethink our values and priorities. Only when we place less emphasis on material success and more on spiritual fulfillment will we truly find happiness.

2. 反问式结尾

> If we allow this trend to continue unchecked, what kind of future awaits the next generation? The answer is not encouraging, but we still have time to change course.

3. 哲理式结尾

> Perhaps the picture’s most profound message is that human connection cannot be replaced by technology. No matter how advanced our devices become, the warmth of face-to-face communication remains irreplaceable.

三、小作文开头——不同信函的规范格式

小作文开头需要写明写信目的、自我介绍、称呼、日期等要素。根据信件类型选择恰当句式。

（一）自我介绍与写信目的

1. 自我介绍（非必需，视情况）

| 场景 | 句型 |
|------|------|
| 应聘/申请 | I am a senior student majoring in Law from Peking University. |
| 活动通知 | On behalf of the Student Union, I am writing to... |
| 投诉/建议 | I am a regular customer of your online store. |

2. 写信目的（核心）

| 信件类型 | 开头句式 |
|----------|----------|
| 建议信 | I am writing to offer some constructive suggestions regarding... |
| 投诉信 | I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with... / I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about... |
| 感谢信 | I am writing to extend my heartfelt gratitude to you for... |
| 邀请信 | It is my great pleasure to invite you to... / On behalf of..., I sincerely invite you to... |
| 道歉信 | I am writing to apologize for... / Please accept my sincere apology for... |
| 咨询信 | I am writing to inquire about... / I would be grateful if you could provide me with information concerning... |
| 推荐信 | It is my honor to recommend... as... / I am writing to recommend... to your esteemed company. |
| 祝贺信 | I am delighted to learn that... Please accept my warmest congratulations. |

（二）小作文开头示例

建议信开头：
> I am Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in Computer Science. I am writing to offer some practical suggestions regarding the upcoming campus recycling campaign, which I believe will help make the event more effective.

投诉信开头：
> I am a regular customer of your bookstore. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with a recent purchase — the book I ordered arrived with several missing pages, and I have received no response to my emails.

四、小作文结尾——得体收束，留好印象

小作文结尾通常需要表达期待、致谢、请回复等，语气要符合信件类型。

（一）通用结尾句式

| 场景 | 句型 |
|------|------|
| 期待回复 | I look forward to your prompt reply. / I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience. |
| 再次致谢 | Thank you again for your time and consideration. / I am grateful for your patience and understanding. |
| 表达祝愿 | Best wishes for your continued success. / I wish you all the best. |
| 诚恳道歉 | Once again, please accept my sincere apologies for any trouble caused. |
| 主动提供帮助 | Please do not hesitate to contact me if I can be of any further assistance. |

（二）不同信件的特色结尾

| 信件类型 | 推荐结尾 |
|----------|----------|
| 建议信 | I hope you will find my suggestions helpful. Please feel free to contact me if you need further clarification. |
| 投诉信 | I trust that you will take this matter seriously and give me a satisfactory solution. Otherwise, I may have to seek further assistance. |
| 感谢信 | Words cannot fully express my gratitude. Please accept my heartfelt thanks once again. |
| 邀请信 | We would be honored if you could join us. Please let us know your decision by [date]. |
| 推荐信 | I have no hesitation in recommending [name] to you, and I am confident that he/she will exceed your expectations. |
| 咨询信 | Thank you for your time and assistance. I look forward to your favorable response. |

五、常用过渡句——连接开头与主体

为了让开头与正文衔接自然，可以在第一段末尾添加过渡句：

| 过渡句 | 作用 |
|--------|------|
| This phenomenon, though seemingly trivial, has profound implications for our society. | 从现象过渡到社会意义 |
| The following discussion will explore the underlying causes and possible solutions. | 预告正文内容 |
| What exactly leads to this situation? And how can we address it effectively? | 设问式过渡 |

六、高分替换词库——摆脱千篇一律

（一）开头常用词替换

| 低分表达 | 高分替换 |
|----------|----------|
| in the picture | in the cartoon / in the drawing / in the illustration |
| we can see | we can observe / it can be noticed / there is |
| it is important | it is crucial / it is vital / it is of great significance |
| many people | a growing number of people / the general public |

（二）结尾常用词替换

| 低分表达 | 高分替换 |
|----------|----------|
| in conclusion | in summary / to sum up / in the final analysis / ultimately |
| I think | from my perspective / as far as I am concerned / I am convinced that |
| we should | it is advisable for us to / it is imperative that we / we ought to |

七、考前冲刺·组合模板

（一）大作文开头结尾组合模板（基础版）

开头：
> As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, [画面描述]. What makes this scene thought-provoking is that it reflects a common phenomenon in contemporary society: [主题概括].

结尾：
> To sum up, [重申观点]. Therefore, it is high time that we [建议或行动]. Only by doing so can we [展望积极结果].

（二）大作文开头结尾组合模板（进阶版）

开头：
> Never before has the issue of [主题] been more vividly illustrated than in this picture. The drawing shows that [画面细节], which immediately strikes a chord with anyone who has experienced similar situations.

结尾：
> In the final analysis, the message conveyed by the picture is not merely about [表层现象], but rather about [深层价值观]. It is incumbent upon all of us to take a more proactive role in [行动方向], not only for our own sake but also for the benefit of future generations.

八、考场实战建议

1. 不要全文背诵模板——阅卷老师对“模板痕迹”极其敏感，应将模板中的关键词替换成与主题相关的内容。
2. 灵活组合——从本文中选择5-8个你最熟悉的句型，反复练习，形成自己的“万能开头库”和“万能结尾库”。
3. 控制篇幅——大作文开头3-4句，结尾3-4句为宜；小作文开头2-3句，结尾2-3句。
4. 书写规范——首段结尾段要特别注意卷面整洁，给阅卷老师留下好印象。

> 作文的开头和结尾是整篇文章的“门面”。一个精彩的开头能让阅卷老师眼前一亮，一个有力的结尾能让他给出更高的分数。建议将本文的句型分类整理、定期默写，在考前一个月每天练习写2个开头和2个结尾，结合历年真题进行实战演练。考场上先写开头和结尾，再填充主体内容，这样即使时间紧张，也能保证首尾质量。祝写作高分！